Except for the mandatory reading, this is for whenever you and any others of the new generation are ready, and whenever you've completed your education, which I hope is longer than mine and so much more rewarding. This is obviously supplementary, mostly for in your older years when or if you ever have time, and you obviously should add your own to this list that are hopefully in the same spirit, or you can find books that provide the critiques from other ideologies if you are so inclined, and inclined you very well may be.
This is a library, not a reading list. It is meant to have exponentially more books than you will ever read. I do not pretend to have completed any more than 8% of these books, nor to have started more than 14; and the more I add, the less I'll have read, and the books I've read are heavily weighted toward the easy ones. So I can't even verify if these books are as reliable as I hope they are, nor can I testify with any certainty to their difficulty except as an uneducated guess. Nevertheless, this library will be supplementary to every letter I write you, and they all stand in my mind as books to be read that I trust will be worth my time, yours, and any friend or family member who approaches them in good faith, which is the only sentiment guaranteed to keep the world afloat; moreso even than love or kindness.
One thing though: if this list is heavily weighted toward the writings of white males, the reason is this: the inadequacies of modern liberalism toward the disadvantaged are present for all to see by now, but the only prescriptive solutions yet are radically progressive or radically reactionary with no thought to how these solutions may shake the earth's foundations to mass death.
But there are two loopholes that liberals like me can use by listening to two alternate political ideologies with whom you can ally yourself with reasonable safety:
1. Listen very carefully to the ideas of people who call themselves progressives - not radicals, not socialists, not anarchists, not intersectionalists. Progressives are the true left wing of any free society. Many of their ideas are bad, but progressive movements are the garden through which every country generates their best ideas for the future. However, the benefits of progressive openness are counterbalanced by an extreme political naivete, a facile excitement for all new ideas because they are new, and therefore a dangerous inability to distinguish their good ideas from their bad. Do not believe any modern progressive of my generation who, when you're older, tells you that your generation of liberals can partner with your generation of radicals without danger - and many of them inevitably will. They are leading the modern left through a very old dimensional doorway which has long demonstrated a near-100% rate of explosive failure.
2. Listen with your brain to progressives, but listen with your heart to moderates. That does not mean to be more attached to them than to progressives, but because progressives think with their hearts, you need to be their brains, and because moderates are overly skeptical about progress, you need to use your intuition to distinguish which cautious instinct of theirs is accurate. Listen particularly to the attachments of their past and what those conventions of about daily life they're most worried about losing. Some of their attachments to old ways are without use, and occasionally their notions of what ought remain are dangerous. Nevertheless, political moderates are the true right wing of a great society. They are the best adjudicators you will ever experience of what older societal notions are worth preserving. Nevertheless, moderates are as politically naive as progressives. They will try, as tenaciously as they can, to argue that they are the true center of discourse; and that the truth is, for all meaningful purposes, the middle point between the traditional conservative line and the traditional liberal line. But what the general public deems a traditional conservative is a dangerous reactionary, attached to a world that can no longer exist and perhaps never did; and what the public deems reactionaries are dangerous authoritarians. The center of discourse is not moderation, the center of discourse is whatever empirical inquiry shows the center of discourse to be. This goes back to Aristotle and Nicomachean Ethics, which I won't subject you to (yet:), but until the world finds reliable empirical evidence on all subjects, modern liberalism is risibly far from ideal to creating a world akin to its aspirations. Nevertheless, modern liberalism is the only reliable ideology which trusts empirical findings and puts into action what experience dictates we should do. Therefore, liberalism deserves your loyalty as the least objectionable option - which is the best you're going to do in this difficult world.
We are still waiting for liberalism to undergo another evolutionary leap to include the narratives of women and peoples of color and LGBTQ peoples in a manner that dispenses by and large with radical notions of completely upending society as we know it, because such notions are shown in every era to be as dangerous as the reactionary beliefs which inevitably create such radicalism. Other readers, radical and reactionary, may look at this list closely, and if they ever see it, it is my fatigued expectation that they would view certain inclusions and absences as provocative, but it is not meant as provocation. I cannot help my creeping doubts about their good faith any more than they can help their creeping doubts about mine, and I gravely fear what they believe and what they represent, because, whether rational or not, I believe they court death to us all quite deliberately - the people they love along with the people they hate, and that practically defines bad faith. I cautiously believe that I'm right about what I believe, but they seem to know that they are with a certainty anyone who disagrees with them would find not just angering, but deeply, deeply disturbing. The continual allowance for uncertainty the difference between someone who may accurately see the world sometimes, and someone who is guaranteed to never do so. We are only human, and not meant to see the world accurately more than 20 or 30 percent of the time. A conviction is only a belief, and beliefs are usually wrong. When a person thinks they are right, they will be open to all those ways they're wrong and change their beliefs accordingly. When a person knows they are right, they will never be open to viewing the ways in which they are wrong, and wrong they will always remain.
Furthermore, it's my perception that such ideologues believe everyone else views the world with a similar lack of ambiguity to theirs, and any appearance of ambiguity in their beliefs is just a cosmetic patina, because to them, all thought depends on clarity of concept, and one must first arrive at clarity of thought before one proceeds to finding exceptions to their beliefs. There is no graver, more dangerous error in any form of inquiry. All beliefs summed up in a paragraph, be they religious, political, sociological, or metaphysical, are untrue and unsound. And because such beliefs are overly simplistic, the beliefs grow an entire world around them of terms and jargon which are deliberately as indecipherable as their core beliefs are simplistic; because the less comprehensible the details of their beliefs are, the more their meanings can be manipulated by their leaders as a means to control their followers. To understand the meanings of their gibberish, one has to believe in the simple belief with such fervor that you convince yourself that deliberately nonsensical concepts have any meaning at all. The truth is the opposite, world of inquiry, rather, depends on the ambiguous nuances of the world articulated with easily understood clarity.
I do reserve one absolute belief, which I stand behind with everlasting faith: that better views of the world inevitably come just as worse ones do, and however transitory these states are between good and bad, better things will continue to come in your time and for millennia thereafter just as they do in mine. But all these better moments are earned by trials of anxiety and confusion. There will be a crucial mission in your generation for intelligent people of conscience to learn from your suffering better than my generation has, so as my Bubbie's generation did, you can render the radicalism and reactionism of my generation antiquated and irrelevant, at least temporarily.
Therefore, it is not only the moral obligation of white males and Jews like you to facilitate the growth of liberalism in marginalized peoples, it is an imperative matter to ensure your survival and the survival of your own next generation, lest the world embrace still greater forms of radicalism, which provokes a vast plurality of modern whites and Jews into still more murderous forms of reaction. Like reactionary conservatives, radicals will inevitably resent the good but cautious intentions of liberals as the condescension of the privileged. Let them. There is no better determinant of who approaches you in good faith versus bad than by discovering people interpret your caution about their motives with resentment. There will be many times when that person of resentments is you, god knows it's been me - exponents more times than I will ever remember; but there are so much worse motives in life than condescension, and those who approach you in good faith will realize your good faith.
This library, like all good libraries, will hopefully grow very large, and there will be separate wings for every chapter.
Easy and Hopefully Mandatory Reading:
Literary
1984 by George Orwell
Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington
The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois
The Long Road to Freedom by Nelson Mandela
Brave New World by Aldous Huxley
A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry
All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque
Animal Farm by George Orwell
Candide by Voltaire
The Stranger by Albert Camus
The True Believer by Eric Hoffer
We by Yevgeny Zamyatin
Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro
Swastika Night by Katherine Burdekin
Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya
Night by Elie Wiesel
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Non-Fiction
The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson
Resignation Speech and Final Address by George Washington
Gettysburg Address, Emancipation Proclamation, and 2nd Inaugural Address by Abraham Lincoln
Freedom or Death by Emmeline Pankhurst
Ain't I a Woman by Sojourner Truth
The Pleasure of Books by Lyon Phelps
Quit India by Mahatma Gandhi
Abolition Speech by William Wilberforce
The Appeal of 18 June by Charles de Gaulle
Farewell Address by Dwight Eisenhower
I Am the First Accused by Nelson Mandela
First Inaugural Address, Pearl Harbor Address, Fireside Chats by Franklin Roosevelt
Notes on Nationalism by George Orwell
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West by Dee Brown
Hiroshima by John Hersey
We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families by Philip Gourevitch
Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank
Goodbye to All That by Robert Graves
The True Believer by Eric Hoffer
Listening:
I Have a Dream, Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Montgomery Bus Boycott Speech, Our God is Marching On, The Three Evils of Society, I Have Been to the Mountaintop by Martin Luther King
Put a Man on the Moon, City Upon a Hill, Inaugural Address, American University Address, Civil Rights Address, Berlin Address, Nuclear Test Ban Address by John Kennedy
2004 Keynote Address, A More Perfect Union, Love is Love, Cairo Address, Tuscon Memorial, Trayvon Martin Could Have Been Me, Selma Anniversary, Amazing Grace, Reimagining Policing, Second Inaugural Address by Barack Obama
Impeachment, 1992 and 1976 Democratic National Convention Speeches by Barbara Jordan
Good Trouble, You Cannot Tell People They Cannot Fall In Love, 50th Anniversary of Bloody Sunday by John Lewis
2020 Convention Speech, & The United Efforts of the Free World to Support Ukraine by Joe Biden
The Black Woman in Contemporary America by Shirley Chisolm
We Must Practice Dissent by Julian Bond
America Beyond the Color Line by Henry Lewis Gates
Liberty or Death by Patrick Henry
Unlock the Greatness of Girls by Leymah Gbowee
We Should All Be Feminists by Chimananda Ngozi Adichie
Malala Yousefaza Address to the United Nations
International Women's Day by Michelle Obama
Protect Black Trans Lives by Raquell Willis
Why We Have Too Few Women Leaders by Sheryl Sandberg
Speech to the UN Earth Summit by Severn Suzuki
Speech to the UN General Assembly by Chaim Herzog
Speech to the UN General Assembly by Abba Eban
Women's Rights are Human Rights by Hillary Clinton
The Negro Revolution in 1965 by Bayard Rustin
Freedom from Fear by Aung San Suu Kyi
The Misogyny Speech by Julia Gillard
1964 Democratic Convention Testimony by Fannie Lou Hammer
First Inaugural Address by Franklin Roosevelt
Suggested Easy Reading:
Africa's Tarnished Name by Chimananda Ngozi Adichie
The Art of War by Sun Tzu
Tell Me How it Ends: An Essay in Forty Questions by Valeria Luiselli
The Origin of Others by Toni Morrison
Why I Write by George Orwell
The Descent of Man by Grayson Perry
A River in Darkness: One Man's Escape from North Korea by Masaji Ishikawa and Risa Kobayashi
What Are the Blind Men Dreaming by Noemi Jaffe
Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic by Alison Bechdel
Very, Very, Very Dreadful: The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 by Albert Marrin
Cockroaches by Scholastique Mukasonga
Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck
The Pearl by John Steinbeck
I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou
Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China by Jung Chang
This is Our Land: An Immigrant's Manifesto by Suketu Mehta
An Inconvenient Truth by Al Gore
Politics and The English Language by George Orwell
Under a Cruel Star - A Life in Prague 1941-1968 by Heda Margolius Kovaly
War is a Racket by Maj. General Smedley D. Butler
This America: The Case for the Nation by Jill Lepore
For everything else, you can read them in hard copy (if that still exists in your time), read them in screen form, listen to them on audiobook - it doesn't matter, but just try to read some of them, even just a few of them, if their subject interests you.
Here's the big secret to deciding if a book is interesting: read the first three chapters and the last two. Then decide if it's worth continuing. If it isn't, put it down immediately and move on to another book when you get the opportunity. Do not be put off by any author if you don't think one of their books is interesting. Most authors, even good ones, have three or four good books in them, and the rest of the books are experiments by which they reach their best efforts.
Moderate Level:
Literary Work
The Quiet American by Graham Greene
Our Man in Havana by Graham Greene
Portnoy's Complaint by Philip Roth
Saturday by Ian McEwan
Enemy of the People by Henryk Ibsen
Catch-22 by Joseph Heller
Half of the Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
I, Claudius by Robert Graves
Claudius the God by Robert Graves
Requiem by Anna Akhmatova
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Hope Against Hope by Nadezhda Mandelstam
Jerusalem: A City of Mirrors by Amos Elon
The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan
Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America by Barbara Ehrenreich
The Way We Never Were by Stephanie Coontz
Anti-Intellectualism in American Life by Richard Hofstadter
Bad Blood by Lorna Sage
Peddling Prosperity by Paul Krugman
The Road to Wigan Pier by George Orwell
The Beekeeper: Rescuing the Stolen Women of Iraq by Dunya Mikhail
First They Killed My Father: A Daughter of Cambodia Remembers by Loung Ung
Everything Lost is Found Again: Four Seasons in Lesotho by Will McGrath
Voices of Chernobyl: The Oral History of a Nuclear Disaster by Svetlana Alexevich
Havana Real: One Woman Fights to Tell the Truth About Cuba Today by Yoani Sanchez
My Family and Other Animals by Gerald Durrell
Morris Dees: A Lawyer's Journey by Morris Dees
The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream by Barack Obama
The Year of Magical Thinking by Joan Didion
An Assault on Reason by Al Gore
Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy, and Everyday Life by Robert Reich
The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine by Michael Lewis
The Omnivore's Dilemma by Michael Pollan
The Conscience of a Liberal by Paul Krugman
Belonging: A German Reckons with History and Home by Nora Krug
The Beast: Riding the Rails and Dodging Narcos on the Migrant Trail by Oscar Martinez
Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom by Thomas Jefferson
Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals by Benedetto Croce
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
America: What Went Wrong by Donald Bartlett and James Steele
House of Commons Speeches by Charles James Fox
Power and the Idealists by Paul Berman
Imperial Illusions by Amartya Sen
The Fragility of Goodness by Martha Nussbaum
The Paranoid Style in American Politics by Richard Hofstadter
Mirror to America: The Autobiography of John Hope Franklin
Colored People by Henry Lewis Gates
Twilight of Democracy: The Seductive Lure of Authoritarianism by Anne Applebaum
On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century by Timothy Snyder
The Idea of America by Gordon S. Wood
The Cold War: A New History by John Lewis Gaddis
The Discovery of India by Jawaharlal Nehru
The Whites of Their Eyes: The Tea Party's Revolution and the Battle Over American History by Jill Lepore
Autobiography of an Unknown Indian by Nirad Chaudhuri
The Prince by Nicolo Macchiavelli
Decisive Moments in History by Stefan Zweig
Neither Victims Nor Executioners by Albert Camus
The Crisis of Man by Albert Camus
The Pilgrimage from Tiennamen Square by Ian Buruma
A Tale of Two Utopias: The Political Journey of the Generation of 1968 by Paul Berman
The Magic Lantern: The Revolution of 1989 Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin & Prague by Timothy Garten Ash
Free Speech: Ten Principles for a Connected World by Timothy Garten Ash
The Memory Chalet by Tony Judt
The Guns of August by Barbara Tuchman
Long 'Moderate' Reading
Jerusalem: A Biography by Simon Sebag Montefiore
From Beirut to Jerusalem by Thomas Friedman
Chasing the Flame: One Man's Fight to Save the World by Samantha Power
The Education of an Idealist by Samantha Power
The Five Giants: A Biography of The Welfare State by Nicholas Timmins
The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People by Alan Brinkley
The Making of the Atomic Bomb by Richard Rhodes
The Source by James Michener -
Really Long 'Moderate' Reading:
America in the Martin Luther King Years Trilogy by Taylor Branch
The Years of Lyndon Johnson by Robert Caro
The Mahabharata by Vyasa (abridged and translated by Ramesh Menon - still 1400 pages)
Before the Storm, Nixonland, The Invisible Bridge, Reaganland - ongoing history of the modern Republican Party by Rick Perlstein
American Pastoral, I Married a Communist and The Human Stain by Philip Roth
Give Me Liberty: An American History by Eric Foner
Intermediate Level:
Literary
Short Stories and Parables of Franz Kafka
Complete Essays of Michel de Montaigne
Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev
Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy
Children of Gebelaawi by Naguib Mahfouz
A Doll's House by Henryk Ibsen
The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera
Snow by Orhan Pamuk
The Road by Cormac McCarthy
All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens
Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
Hard Times by Charles Dickens
The Death of Artemio Cruz by Carlos Fuentes
The Red and the Black by Stendhal
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy
Light in August by William Faulkner
A Sentimental Education by Gustave Flaubert
Silas Marner by George Eliot
Doctor Zhivago by Boris Pasternak
The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison
Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce
Eugene Onegin by Alexander Pushkin
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
Billy Budd by Herman Melville
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The Liberal Tradition in America by Louis Hartz
The Rights of Man by Thomas Paine
The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith
Two Concepts of Liberty by Isaiah Berlin
Four Essays on Liberty by Isaiah Berlin
Race and History: Essays by John Hope Franklin
The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It by Richard Hofstadter
The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future by Joseph Stieglitz
Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think by George Lackoff
Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate In the Reagan Aftermath by Kevin Phillips
Democracy in America by Alexis de Toqueville
The Bell Curve Wars: Race, Intelligence, and the Future of America - edited by Stephen Fraser
The Nature of the Judicial Process by Benjamin Cardozo
The Promise of American Life by Herbert Croly
Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau
The World of Yesterday by Stefan Zweig
Autobiography by Tomas Masaryk
Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It by Louis Brandeis
Full Employment in a Free Society by William Beveridge
Essays on Liberty by Raymond Aron
The Liberal Hour by John Kenneth Galbraith
From Hope and Fear Set Free by Isaiah Berlin
Achieving Our Country by Richard Rorty
Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivations by Amartya Sen
Development as Freedom by Amartya Sen
The Tanner Lectures on Human Values by Amartya Sen
Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education by Martha Nussbaum
Sex and Social Justice by Martha Nussbaum
From Disgust to Humanity: Sexual Orientation and Constitutional Law by Martha Nussbaum
The Idea of a Party System by Richard Hofstadter
Eichmann in Jerusalem by Hannah Arendt
Lyndon Johnson and the American Dream by Doris Kearns Goodwin
The End of Reform: New Deal Liberalism in Recession and War by Alan Brinkley
Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow
A Problem from Hell: America in the Age of Genocide by Samantha Power
Rough Crossings: Britain, the Slaves and the American Revolution by Simon Schama
The Radicalism of the American Revolution by Gordon S. Wood
The Proud Tower by Barbara Tuchman
Loose Canons: Notes on the Culture Wars by Henry Lewis Gates
The Historian's Craft by Marc Bloch
In Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus
The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism by David Bell
Modern Temper: American Culture and Society in the 1920s by Lynn Dumenil and Eric Foner
Saving America's Cities by Lizabeth Cohen
Islam: A Short History by Karen Armstrong
A New Deal for the World: America's Vision for Human Rights by Elizabeth Borgwordt
The New Arabs: How the Millennial Generation is Changing the Middle East by Juan Cole
The Hidden Face of Eve by Nawal el-Sadaawi
Being Arab by Samir Kassir
Beware of Small States by David Hirst
The Mantle of the Prophet by David Mottahedeh
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World by Hugh Kennedy
Robin Hood by J.C. Holt
Victorian Feminists by Barbara Caine
Ornamentism: How the British Saw Their Empire by David Cannadine
On History by Benedetto Croce
The Kraus Project: Essays by Karl Kraus trans. Jonathan Franzen
German History in the 19th and 20th Centuries by Golo Mann
The Captive Mind by Czeslaw Milosz
Images of Italy by Pavel Muratov
Without Marx or Jesus: The New American Revolution Has Begun by Jean-Francois Revel
The Plague by Albert Camus
The Rebel by Albert Camus
The Fall by Albert Camus
The Year Zero: A History of 1945 by Ian Buruma
Ill Fares the Land by Tony Judt
Reappraisals: Reflections on the Forgotten Twentieth Century by Tony Judt
Past Imperfect: French Intellectuals 1944-1956 by Tony Judt
Long Intermediate Reading
The Romanovs by Simon Sebag Montefiore
David Copperfield by Charles Dickens
Armies of the Night by Norman Mailer
The Age of Reagan by Sean Wilentz
Bowling Alone by Robert D. Putnam
These Truths: A History of the United States by Jill Lepore
From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African-Americans by John Hope Franklin
The Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe by Anne Applebaum
Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps by Anne Applebaum
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin
Religion and the Decline of Magic by Keith Thomas
Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis by Raymond GarthoffThe Savage War of Peace: Algeria 1954-62 by Alistair Horne
A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution 1891-1924 by Orlando Figes
The Russian Revolution by Sheila Fitzpatrick
A History of the Modern World by R. R. Palmer
The Great War and Modern Memory by Paul Fussell
The Fatal Shore by Robert Hughes
Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War by Drew Gilpin Faust
A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America by Ronald Takaki
History of Africa by Kevin Shillington
Black and British by David Olusoga
Churchill's Secret War: The British Empire and the Ravaging of India during World War II by Madhusree Mukerjee
The People's War: Britain 1939-1945 by Angus Calder
The First World War by Huw Strachan
The Author as Himself by Marcel Reich-Ranicki
Marie Antoinette: Portrait of an Average Woman by Stefan Zweig
Maria Stuart by Stefan Zweig
Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant
All Our Yesterdays by Manes Sperber
A History of Britain by Simon Schama
The Encyclopedia of Diderot
Cairo Trilogy by Naguib Mahfouz
Alexandria Quartet by Lawrence Durrell
Jerusalem Quartet by Edward Whittemore
The Raj Quartet by Paul Mark Scott
Rabbit Tetralogy by John Updike
Advanced Student Level:
Literary
Life and Fate by Vasily Grossman
Middlemarch by George Eliot
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes
The Trial by Franz Kafka
The Castle by Franz Kafka
Gargantua and Pantagruel by Francois Rabelais
My Name is Red by Orhan Pamuk
Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison
The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
Absalom, Absalom by William Faulkner
Germinal by Emile Zola
Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie
Blood Meridian by Cormac McCarthy
Beloved by Toni Morrison
The Secret Agent by Joseph Conrad
Under Western Eyes by Joseph Conrad
Darkness at Noon by Arthur Koestler
Austerlitz by W. G. Sebald
The Unvanquished by William Faulkner
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Freedom's Power: The True Force of Liberalism by Paul Starr
American Theocracy by Kevin Phillips
The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
On Liberty by John Stewart Mill
The Vital Center by Arthur Schlesinger
Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Picketty
The Spirit of the Law by Baron Charles de Montesquieu
Philosophical Letters on the English by Voltaire
Philosophical Dictionary by Voltaire
On the Spirit of Conquest and Usurpation by Benjamin Constant
On Politics by Ralph Waldo Emerson
The Nominalist and the Realist by Ralph Waldo Emerson
Socialism by John Stuart Mill
Reformation: A History by Diarmaid MacCulloch
The Living Law by Louis Brandeis
Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorston Veblen
Theory of Business Enterprise by Thorston Veblen
Three Enemies of Liberty by Isaiah Berlin
The Opium of the Intellectuals by Raymond Aron
Sovereign Virtue: Freedom and Practice in Equality by Ronald Dworkin
Land of the Free: A History of the United States by John Hope Franklin
Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin by TImothy Snyder
The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time by Karl Polanyi
Liberty Before Liberalism by Quentin Skinner
Plagues and Peoples by William H. MacNeill
A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration, and the Cold War by Melvyn Leffler
Free Soil, Free Labor, and Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War by Eric Foner
Vichy France: Old Guard and the New Order, 1940-1944 by Robert O. Paxton
Guns, Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond
Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991 by Orlando Figes
The Age of the Democratic Revolution by R. R. Palmer
The French Revolution: From It's Origins to 1793 by Georges Lefebvre
Imagined Communities by Benedict Anderson
Strange Defeat by Marc Bloch
The Human Condition by Hannah Arendt
Reading the Holocaust by Inga Clendinnen
A Consumer's Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America by Lizabeth Cohen
Inventing Human Rights: A History by Lynn Hunt
A History of Modern Germany: The Reformation by Hajo Holborn
Africa: Biography of a Continent by John Reader
The African Poor: A History by John Iliffe
Africa and the Africans in the Nineteenth Century: A Turbulent History by Catherine Coquery-Viderovich
Africa Since 1800 by Ronald Oliver
Africa Since 1940: The Past of the Present by Frederick Cooper
From Deep State to Islamic State by Jean-Pierre Filiu
The First European Revolution: c. 970-1215
The Making of the Middle Ages by R. W. Southern
The Making of the British Isles: The State of Britain and Ireland by Steven G. Ellis
The Foundations of Modern Political Thought by Quentin Skinner
Religion and the Decline of Magic by Keith Thomas
The Fall of the British Monarchies 1637-1642 by Conrad Russell
The World We Have Lost by Peter Laslett
Popular Contention in Great Britain 1758-1834 by Charles Tilly
The Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth Century Intellectual History by J. W. Burrow
Africa and the Victorians: The Official Mind of Imperialism by Ronald Robinson
Ethics and Politics by Benedetto Croce
The French Revolution by Francois Furet
Persian Letters by Baron Charles de Montesquieu
Tragic Sense of Life by Miguel de Unamuno
Antisemitism and the Western Tradition by David Nirenberg
Long Advanced Student Reading:
Origins of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt
Washington: A Life by Ron Chernow
Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 by Tony Judt
Courage to Dissent: Atlanta and the Long History of the American Civil Rights Movement by Tomiko Brown-Nagin
A History of the Arab Peoples by Albert Hourani
Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution by Simon Schama
The History of Rome by Theodor Mommsen
Really Long Advanced Student Reading:
The Destruction of the European Jews by Raul Hilberg
The Story of Civilization by Will Durant
A History of the Jews by Heinrich Graetz
A Cultural History of the Modern Age by Egon Friedell
Advanced Level:
Les Miserables by Victor Hugo
In Search of Lost Time by Marcel Proust
Ulysses by James Joyce
Moby Dick by Herman Melville
The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann
The Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie
Terra Nostra by Carlos Fuentes
Nostromo by Joseph Conrad
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The Purpose of American Politics by Hans Morgenthau
Discourse on Inequality by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
Theory of Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith
Essay on the First Principles of Government by Joseph Priestley
Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Human Mind by the Marquis de Condorcet
Principles of Politics by Benjamin Constant
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber
Democracy and Totalitarianism by Raymond Aron
Peace and War by Raymond Aron
The New Science by Giambattista Vico
The Idea of Justice by Amartya Sen
The Sinews of Power: War, Money, and the English State 1688-1783 by John Brewer
Coercion, Capital, and European States: AD 990-1992 by Charles Tilly
Commoners: Common Right, Enclosure and Social Change in England, 1700-1820 by Jeanette M. Neeson
A History of Russia by Nicholas Riasanovsky
The Feudal Society by Marc Bloch
Aztecs: An Interpretation by Inga Clendinnen
Citizenship Between Empire and Nation by Frederick Cooper
The Venture of Islam by Marshall G.S. Hodgson
On the Limits of State Action by Wilhelm von Humboldt
Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s by Joyce Appleby
Principles of Government and Politics in the Middle Ages by Walter Ullmann
On the Medieval Origins of the Modern State by Charles Tilly
A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy by Joel Mokyr
Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 by John H. Elliott
Long Advanced Reading
Anatomy of Melancholy by Robert Burton
The Man Without Qualities by Robert Musil
The Sleepwalkers by Hermann Broch
Extreme Level:
The Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant
Critique of Practical Reason by Immanuel Kant
Main Currents of Marxism by Leszek Kolakowski
A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World of Philip II by Ferdinand de Braudel
The Sources of Social Power by Michael Mann
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